Rare earth elements (REEs) are a central focus of research in the Laboratory for Strategic Materials due to their critical importance in advanced energy, electronics, and clean technology applications. Our work spans the recovery of REEs from a wide range of resources, including primary ores and ionic clays, industrial residues such as bauxite residue and phosphogypsum, and secondary sources derived from electronic waste. We have developed and evaluated extraction and separation strategies for REEs from NiMH batteries, NdFeB permanent magnets, and fluorescent lamps, integrating hydrometallurgical and supercritical fluid-based approaches. This comprehensive resource-to-recycling perspective supports resilient and sustainable REE supply chains.